Carbonate Compensation Depth (CCD)

Carbonate Compensation Depth, abbreviated as CCD, refers to the specific depth of the ocean at which calcium carbonate minerals dissolve in the water quicker than they can accumulate. The bottom of the sea is covered with fine-grained sediment made of several different ingredients. You can find mineral particles from land and outer space, particles from hydrothermal black smokers and the remains of microscopic living organisms, otherwise known as plankton. Plankton are plants and animals so small that they float their whole lives until they die. Many plankton species build shells for themselves by chemically extracting mineral material,  either calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or silica (SiO2),  from the seawater. Carbonate compensation depth, of course, only refers to the former; more on silica later.   When CaCO3-shelled  organisms die, their skeletal remains begin sinking towards the bottom of the ocean. This creates a calcareous ooze that can,  under pressure from the overlying water, form limestone or chalk.  Not everything that sinks in the sea reaches the bottom, however, because the chemistry of ocean water changes with depth.   Surface water, where most plankton live, is safe for shells made from calcium carbonate, whether that compound takes the form of calcite or aragonite. These minerals are almost insoluble there. But the deep water is colder and under high pressure, and both of these physical factors increase the waters power to dissolve CaCO3. More important than these is a chemical factor, the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. Deep water collects CO2 because its made by deep-sea creatures, from bacteria to fish, as they eat the falling bodies of plankton and use them for food. High CO2 levels make the water more acidic. The depth where all three of these effects show their might, where CaCO3 starts to dissolve rapidly, is called the lysocline. As you go down through this depth, seafloor mud starts to lose its CaCO3 content—it is less and less calcareous. The depth at which CaCO3 completely disappears, where its sedimentation is equaled by its dissolution, is the compensation depth. A few details here: calcite resists dissolution a little better than aragonite, so the compensation depths are slightly different for the two minerals. As far as geology goes, the important thing is that CaCO3 disappears, so the deeper of the two, calcite compensation depth or CCD, is the significant one. CCD can sometimes mean carbonate compensation depth or even calcium carbonate compensation depth, but calcite is usually the safer choice on a final exam. Some studies do focus on aragonite, though, and they may use the abbreviation ACD for aragonite compensation depth. In todays oceans, the CCD is between 4 and 5 kilometers deep. It is deeper in places where new water from the surface can flush away the CO2-rich deep water, and shallower where lots of dead plankton build up the CO2. What it means for geology is that the presence or absence of CaCO3 in a rock—the degree to which it can be called limestone—can tell you something about where it spent its time as a sediment. Or conversely, the rises and falls in CaCO3 content as you go up or down section in a rock sequence can tell you something about changes in the ocean in the geologic past. We mentioned silica earlier, the other material that plankton use for their shells. There is no compensation depth for silica, although silica does dissolve to some extent with water depth. Silica-rich seafloor mud is what turns into chert. There are rarer plankton species that make their shells of celestite, or strontium sulfate (SrSO4). That mineral always dissolves immediately upon the death of the organism.

Read the Scenario Below, and Then in a Short Paper (1-2...

Cross-Cultural psychology GE261 Assignment 2 Kwan Adams Read the scenario below, and then in a short paper (1-2 pages, typed, 12 point font, 1’’ margins) discuss and answer the following question thoroughly and thoughtfully, applying class concepts when possible: 1- What values of childrearing are represented by Lynn’s parenting of her son? (In other words, what parenting practices are considered acceptable in her culture and why? What is expected of children in her culture?) 2- How well do Lynn’s values of childrearing fit with the parenting values found in the United States? Be specific. 3- In your opinion, is it ever appropriate to interfere with someone else’s cultural practices? Why or why not? 4- Why do you think†¦show more content†¦Traditional Cambodian child-. Moreover, this type of physical punishment is a major component of the child’s learning process in her home country, where parental authority in the family is seldom challenged. Most parental behavior is supported by the ex tended family, the local community, and the Buddhist religion. A study found that more than 50 percent of Southeast Asian parents reported having used physical punishment of their children at some point (Tajima amp; Harachi, 2010). However, the same study found that among immigrant families, education and the experience of living the United States decrease spanking of children. Globally, affluence and education change parental attitudes toward the use of physical force against their family members. Shire, E.B., amp;Levy, D.A. (2013). Cross-Cultural Psychology: Critical Thinking and Contemporary Applications (5th ed.) Boston, MA: Pearson. ------------------------------------------------- Content -Each Question is answered and discussed in detail ------------------------------------------------- -Ideas and conclusions are reasonable and based around class material ------------------------------------------------- Organization and- Format- -Logical organization-Appropriate transitions ------------------------------------------------- - Coherent, with minimal lapses ------------------------------------------------- -Appropriate formatShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:

Video Games Affecting Youth - 1177 Words

The violence that children execute in today’s modern time could have a new factor that parents could not even imagine. Many children today spend most of their time playing video games and this could reflect a negative role in a child’s bad behaviors. Nearly all children, especially in the United States, have or have had a video game console or some type of electronic device that contain video games. Video games in general are not to be blamed but a certain category that majority of the gamers play is called violent video games. Adolescents and children are revealed to violent games could have a bad influence which should be controlled in today’s society. Video games are violent and they affect young teens because they are exposed to†¦show more content†¦Children whom play a lot of console games tend to sacrifice their time of hanging out with their friends and could probably show some undesirable change in the person’s public relations. Adolescent s that play a lot of interactive games are less social and outgoing. â€Å"Several respondents mentioned that gaming online provided them the opportunity to get away, to flee from their everyday problems† (Frostling-Henningsson 4). These young people use their time to play games instead of facing their problems and fixing them. Instead they let their problems stack up and interfere with their lives severely. â€Å"Interest in other activities such as listening to music, art, or reading (57.0%), watching TV, DVDs, or playing video games (48.1%), and using electronic media including internet and texting (47.8%) were the most common reasons for not spending time outside† (Larson 1). Almost fifty percent of the reason children do not go outside is because of console games. Technology has interfered with teen’s outdoor activity times and reduced their hours outside. Video games are taking over many adolescents’ childhoods. Imagine if the only memory a child ha d was only about video games, they would probably regret wasting a lot of their time. Moments that cannot be replaced wasted right in front of TV and digital devices. This decrease in spending time outside and being with friends creates problems in their social skills. But going outside is not the main concern,Show MoreRelatedViolent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them relax. According to the suggestion that video games act as a stress reliever, violence in video games should not be blamed for violent behaviorRead MoreViolent Media And The Aggressive Generation1116 Words   |  5 Pag esand Social Behavior, was created in 1969 to answer these questions. Through the introduction of violent video games, and exposure to violent movies, today’s youth views violence as something not to be condemned but praised. The continued bombardment of violent media onto our youth has caused them to grow into more aggressive and violent adults. The research is beyond clear, the media is affecting our youth’s behavior and not in a good way. â€Å"Continuous exposure in all forms, does create aggressiveRead MoreThe True Behavior Of Violent Video Game Players1305 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The True Behavior of Violent Video Game Players In October 1958, a Physicist named William Higinbotham successfully created the first interactive computer software purely for entertainment; a simple idea of two panels bouncing a dot between one another. This was later rebranded as the famous title Pong, the original that Higinbotham created was generated on an oscilloscope, which is a small computer designed to test electrical equipment. Today, video games are huge in terms of consumer acceptanceRead MoreJournal Article Critique Paper1099 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Electronic games are now an everyday part of childhood and adolescence† (Olsen, 2010). Considering children and adolescence are our future, parents need to consider and monitor how these electronic games are affecting their child. There are more studies afloat that report the negative affects of video games over the positive effects until recently. Children and adolescents become addicted to video games easily so it is important to monitor what they are playing and how it is affecting them and theirRead MoreJournal Article Crititque1098 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Electronic games are now an everyday part of childhood and adolescence† (Olsen, 2010). Considering children and adolescence are our future, parents need to consider and monitor how these electronic games are affecting their child. There are more studies afloat that report the negative affects of video games over the positive effects until recently. Children and adolescents become addicted to video games easily so it is important to monitor what they are playing and how it is affecting them and theirRead MoreToday s Youth And Technology1442 Words   |  6 PagesComp. 6 February 2017 Today’s Youth and Technology In today’s world, technology is heavily relied on throughout businesses, homes, schools and many other fields of importance. Technology has made an impact, not only on today’s society, but more and more on today’s youth. Many kids come into contact with technology at a young age and are usually more technologically intelligent than adults. They are practically teaching the adults how to use technology, today’s youth has grown up with technologyRead MoreEssay on Violent Video Games Affect on Youth Today1138 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent times it seems as if America’s youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of today’s society affecting our nation’s youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. We shou ld blame the parents for teen violence, not video games. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;JohnRead MoreThe Culture Of Media Violence Negatively Affecting Our Youth?1371 Words   |  6 PagesIs The Culture of Media Violence Negatively Affecting Our Youth? Several studies have touched on the possible relationship(s) between adolescent violence and computers and video games. Many social psychologists like, Brad Bushman at Ohio State University, have conduct experiments concluding that violent video games influence youth to become desensitized towards violence in reality, compared to students playing non-violent video games (Vedantam, 2011). On the contrary, studies based on the self-determinationRead MoreThe Impact Of Mass Media On Youth And Society1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Mass Media on the Youth and Society Nowadays, the issue of mass media has caused much debate in the modern society, as well as mass media is becoming more important as a component that negatively affects the behavior of young people. There are many other factors, such as micro-environment, economic instability, the decline of moral values affecting children and young people and encourage them to commit unlawful acts. However, unlimited access to the Internet, mobile phone use in theRead More Video Games do Not Increase Teen Violence Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesas if Americas youth is becoming more violent. Concern for those aspects in our society which influence violent acts has become an issue since the tragedy at Columbine High School on April 20, 1999. Many feel one aspect of todays society affecting our nations youth in a negative manner is video games. Is this form of entertainment really a factor in teen violence? I think not. Video games are not to blame for increased teen violence. According to the article, Video Games and Children,

Pilgrimage Essay - 1196 Words

Pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey to a holy place. The holy places that Christians choose to visit on pilgrimage can include; where a saint lived, where a relic of a saint is kept, where a vision occurred or where Jesus lived. To travel to holy places (such as Rome or Lourdes) is in itself considered a part of the pilgrimage. Originally pilgrims would have walked and maybe met with other groups on the way. Some choose to make the journey alone or as a group, e.g. - the HCPT takes sick children to Lourdes as part of the charity. In fact many of the pilgrims who go to Lourdes are seriously ill or severely handicapped, has become a place where in numerous cases the sick have been restored to†¦show more content†¦Taking an actual physical pilgrimage is only a small step on our spiritual journey. Our pilgrimage through life is one way of walking with Jesus. Lourdes is a good example of a holy place, a place of pilgrimage. Pilgrims visit Lourdes because of devotion to Mary. In 1844 on January 11th a sick child was born, her family was poverty stricken and she had a poor education. In February 1858 Bernadette out to collect firewood with her sister and on the banks of the river Gave, Our Lady appeared to her. Bernadette continued to see visions. One official returned to his faith after witnessing Bernadette during a vision. Mary called herself The Immaculate Conception on her 16th appearance. Bernadette spoke words of a dogma just ruled by the Pope. Priests and others began to believe and miraculous cures began. In 1862 the commission ruled that the immaculate mother of God did appear to Bernadette. Today there are many practices associated with Lourdes. Daily masses are vibrant a joyful celebrations of praising, in groups of thousands indoors and out, with priests from each country. Pilgrims also visit the Grotto where prayers are said. The statue of the Virgin Mary can be seen in the grotto, pilgrims visit for a moment of reflection (thousands of miracles big and small occur here but not all are recognized by the church). Pilgrims drink the water from the natural springs.Show MoreRelatedThe Role Of Cyber Pilgrimage On A Pilgrimage1585 Words   |  7 Pages Moreover, there are also other methods of cyber-pilgrimage that are commonly use to partake on a pilgrimage on a daily basis. These include pilgrimages videos on YouTube, virtual tours, and online pilgrimage websites of 3D replicates of sacred sites. For example, a very well known YouTube channel for pilgrimage is the America Media. This channel contains many pilgrimage journeys made by father James Martin. Father James is a Jesuit priest, a writer, and editor for the Jesuit magazine AmericaRead MoreExploring Pilgrimage Essay2030 Words   |  9 PagesExploring Pilgrimage Pilgrimage is a journey to sacred places that are inspired by religious devotion. The place that is visited is usually where events have happened in the past that are relevant or important to what the pilgrim believes. Pilgrimage is an ancient custom which has changed over many years. It used to be a long and dangerous journey, but now many treat it like a holiday. A very early example of a pilgrim was Hsà ¼an Tsang, a 7th century Chinese Buddhist;Read MoreEssay on Pilgrimage /Christian, Muslim4247 Words   |  17 PagesPilgrimage /Christian, Muslim A Study of the Christian Pilgrimage to the Holy Land And the Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca SSC 231 Cultural Conflict and Human Solidarity University College Utrecht May 2001 Introduction A French folklorist and ethnographer, Arnold Van Gennep (1908-1960) gave us the first clues about how ancient and tribal societies conceptualized and symbolized the transitions men have to make between states a statuses . He demonstrated that all rites of passage are markedRead MorePilgrimage And Place : An Old Testament View1219 Words   |  5 PagesIn Gordan McConville’s chapter â€Å"Pilgrimage and ‘Place’: an Old Testament View, he reinterprets the meaning of pilgrimage in relation to the Old Testament. His consensus is the Christian theology views the history of holy sites and its geography as a restriction in a journey toward God. â€Å"Christians do not make hag to Jerusalem. There is no one holy place; God does not ‘live’ in Jerusalem even in the story of the Old Testament was never final or definitive,† (McConville, 26). Having mass in our hostelRead MoreExploring Why Christians Go on Pilgrimages Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesExplor ing Why Christians Go on Pilgrimages I will start this essay by explaining why some Christians go on pilgrimages and will go on to explain in detail the effect this might have on them. I will also share experiences that others have had and the life changing experiences they’ve had. A pilgrim is one who travels to sacred places but in a more detailed form, a pilgrim is a believer in a faith or the follower of a religion who travels to sacred places within or outsideRead MorePaulo Coelhos The Pilgrimage: A Unique Search for the Meaningful3334 Words   |  14 PagesThere is no denying the fact that Paulo Coelho with more than a dozen novels to his credit has emerged as a contemporary literary figure of international repute. The Pilgrimage marks his entry into the world of fiction with a bang followed by a big bang in the form of his most popular novel The Alchemist. No doubt, The Alchemist has earned him immense popularity far and wide and established him as a novelist of consummate skill. His other novels which include The Valkyries, Like the Flowing RiverRead MoreGetting Closer to God on Religious Pilgrimages in Gregory Chaucers Cantebury Tales 821 Words   |  4 Pagesfolk to goon on pilgrimages,† said Gregory Chaucer in his book, The Canterbury Tales, meaning people long to go on religious pilgrimages. The act of pilgrimage during the Middle Ages had been a very popular and traditional practice in the Christian society. This visit to shrines or holy places was an act of religious devotion and played a role in the lives of many Europeans, especially those in the western regions of Medieval Europe. In order to understand the importance of pilgrimages, we will emphasizeRead MoreEssay on Bryons Childe Harolds Pilgrimage: the Byronic Hero1003 Words   |  5 PagesBryons Childe Harolds Pilgrimage: The Byronic Hero Boozer English 11/4/95 In Byrons poem, Childe Harolds Pilgrimage the main character is portrayed as a dark brooding man, who doesnt like society and wants to escape from the world because of his discontent with it. Through the poem we see the strong resemblance the Byronic hero has to many of todays popular characters, such as Batman. In the third stanza of the poem we learn that Childe Harold is the productRead More Bryons childe Harolds Pilgrimage: The Byronic Hero Essay991 Words   |  4 Pages Bryons quot;Childe Harolds Pilgrimagequot;: The Byronic Hero In Byrons poem, quot;Childe Harolds Pilgrimagequot; the main character is portrayed as a dark brooding man, who doesnt like society and wants to escape from the world because of his discontent with it. Through the poem we see the strong resemblance the Byronic hero has to many of todays popular characters, such as Batman. In the third stanza of the poem we learn that Childe Harold is the product of a long line of nobilityRead MoreMoses and The Mount Sinai1734 Words   |  7 Pagessacred to the Israelites and hosted an extraordinary event 3,000 years ago, unfolding salvation history through the covenant God made with His people, authenticating the sacredness of Mt. Sinai. Many early Christians’ embarked on this religious pilgrimage to Mt. Sinai, a natural and sacred site, to encounter this revelation, a breathed civilization by God for humanity, transmitted to the prophet Moses and the Israelites. (Kessler, 1968) Pilgrims, who have embarked on the journey to Mt. Sinai, claim

Writing Paragraph Free Essays

My hobbies My hobby is flower arranging. It may be greeted with much derision because the prevailing opinion is that the hobby is more for the elderly. However, I feel that flower arranging provides me the chance to think in a creative way and develop my artistic potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing Paragraph or any similar topic only for you Order Now To me, turning a bunch of flower into a beautiful artwork is a source of pride and gratification; and, it indeed creates a continued interest. As I have engaged myself in this hobby, I have a lot more of quality time with my parents who share the same interest with me. My father is a professional florist who has a flower shop of his own. His shop features many types of flower bouquets, most of them are for special occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries and weddings. Since I do help him out at his shop sometimes, I can see that he is financially prospering! After much thought, I realise that flower arranging is an interesting hobby to pursue. Using only a few plant and flower materials and a pair of skillful hands, a person can actually produce many eye-catching flower banquets and reap much profit. Thus, I want to know more about this beneficial hobby. Perhaps, if I fall to achieve my dreamed profession of being a business woman, I can happily pursue this alternative career path! Your life (cai nay ch? t? lam nha, vi cai nay vi? t v? cu? c s? ng c? a ch? , em khong lam dum du? c) 😀 My last trip (My summer vacation) The summer vacation is a long time which for myself take a rest. It is a special summer vacation because I have just passed the exam. Next month, I’m a freshman. When I passed the exam, I visited my home town. My home town , to me, is very beautiful. There are Co Loa temple, Soc Son temple, Duong river, Bat Trang village and so on. I visited my grandmother, my relatives. I went fishing, cutting flowers, sightseeing, eating some special dishes. I love people in my home town so much because of their kindness, and their lovely smile, very friendly. My summer vacation finished so fast but it is interesting and leaves me many sweet memories. I never forget it, I sure that I’ll come back next summer. Your future plan (cai nay la e vik v? d? d? nh tuong lai c? e d? ch? tham kh? o, ch? ch? d? nay ch? cung ph? i t? vi? t thoi, vi m? i ng` co 1 d? d? nh khac nhau ma) 😀 I’m a third year student in the English of Business and Tourism at Sai Gon University right now. I like my specialty because I will have many chances to go travel abroad and work in hospitality field. After graduating, I hope to find a good job with a good salary in an environment I could use my abilities. My old er brother said that I could be an exporter or leader of a foreign company if I try, it sounds very interesting. Of course, I also want to work in a foreign company, I think it’s a good environment to develop my skills: speaking English, writing faxes or emails and contracts with customers, especially communication skills, and the method of working is very professional. I also want to earn much money from my work in the future, so I will work hard to earn a higher salary than expected. I’m trying to learn English, because it’s an international language and I can’t help but use it when I working with foreigners. I also want to find a part time job to earn extra money be in contact with the environment outside my university. I’m only just 20 years old, too young to get married soon. I would love a job with many opportunities to travel many places, other countries in the world, to know new cultures there, specially eat much good food. In the future, when I have enough experience I’d like to build my own restaurant, or a store where I can earn money by myself. I will employ many people and give them work in order to contribute to the development of my country. I hope my dream comes true. How to cite Writing Paragraph, Essay examples

It was a story of wonderful happenings free essay sample

It was a promise of wonderful happenings. I made that promise with a smile easily. Seeing me Like this, she couldnt help but smiled at me, too. The small breeze and the warm sun fits the lovely morning perfectly. Slating In her wheelchair, she began to sing her favorite song while I pushed her around the garden. Ever since she had this disease, her mobility gradually decreased. It was expected that she would need to rely on a wheelchair someday. Even though she couldnt walk, I admired how she could still sing happily despite of what she was going through.My sister has Parkinson Disease, and I could still remember my parents expression when they were told about it. After two years of treatment, the doctor asked us to be prepared for the worst. It was painful to accept it, but I did it anyway. As her older brother, I mustnt let her worry too much. So, instead of showing my depression, I always faked a smile whenever Im with her. She didnt know about her current condition yet, so it was really painful to bear. I became the hypocrite who smiled at her sister and lied that everything Is alright.As time goes on, the smile became easier to make, and my insolence haunted me so much so that I had to cry sometimes In my bed. Finally, I made a grave mistake- An Impossible promised was made to her. Hey, lets go to the waterfall once you get well. After that, we can do lots of stuff together, I said it without giving a second thought. Why waterfall? Its boring, my sister finally replied after a moment of humming her favorite tune. I laughed a bit and said: Huh? How can you say that? The sensation you feel when the water is pouring all over you, which is much better than our shower.And lets not forget about the fresh air. Man, this place is reeked with smoke! After hearing this, my sister was getting excited about going to the waterfall, especially the part where I said it feels better than our shower. Unfortunately for her, she developed dementia during her two years of illness. Her memories and her writing ability was even affected. That time, I was sure that she could have forgotten about the promise. But somehow, compelled by the work of a miracle, my sister managed to remember the promise I wanted her to forget. On the contrary, she could easily forget she had her meal.Every night, after we had our dinner, she would often asked: Can you find snakes in the waterfall? Or Maybe an ice-cream would be good after the swim, right? I answered her repeated questions patiently. Not only that, I had even suggest about hunting wild rabbits at the forest nearby. Our conversation was full of laughter, and I realized my parents were having a bitter smile at the corner. After all, she didnt have long to live. The empty promise was made out of obligation to make her happy, which made me feel awfully guilty. On her birthday, I gave her a postcard with a picture of a waterfall. Who Are you? She asked the stranger who handed her the postcard. Im your big brother, dont you remember? I bent down and answered her. She lifted the postcard In her hand and looked at It; Her movements were slow and weak Ah, waterfall She said It with a slight smile. Her time was near, but I couldnt say anything. So I kneeled down and hugged her tightly, she struggled a bit at first, but long hug, one that was long enough to let me finish my crying. You could say that my tears are filled with guilt and regret from my heart. I may not be worthy to hug my own sister, but it was my only comfort, my only way to feel forgiven. You will get well, I told her softly as my arms grew tighter around her. I lied again, but I could feel her smile, reassuring me till the very end. A cloudy afternoon in the mid of June, she was on her bed in the hospital. This time, she couldnt sing. I was beside her while my parents were away for lunch outside the hospital. Her eyes were blank, as if there wasnt a soul left in them. Her gaze was fixed to the postcard in her right hand, and she grinned a bit from time to time.I couldnt stand her being like this, so I immediately took out my cell phone and downloaded a video of people playing at the waterfall. I showed her the video, Hey, you like it? and the video immediately caught ere attention, and completely forgot about the postcard in her hand. Wa Fall, she couldnt speak properly anymore, so I said for her: Thats right, a waterfall. .. She sounded like she agreed of what Ive said, and mumbled something. She continued to watch and indulged herself into the video happily. Her eyes that were dead as first reflected the light of the screen and became alive.Seeing her like this, I let out a sigh of relief, and watched her enjoying the video silently. The thunder began to roar and the sky rained heavily. I figured that my parents would not be back for a while since it was raining heavily. Water All? I was surprised by her sudden question. I nodded to her and said: Yea, its waterfall everywhere. After a brief pause, I added: Ah. .. But you cant play right now My sister seemed satisfied with the waterfall outside and giggled a little like an innocent child. I felt a nail pricking my heart when I saw her like that. So, I came up with an idea. I prepared her wheelchair. Ham? she seemed rather surprised of what Im doing. Careful, I carried her and gently put her on her wheelchair. Along with her drip, I pushed the wheelchair near the window. WA.. .! Her eyes went wide and unconsciously stuck her palms onto the window. I could tell she was getting excited. While she was occupied with the rain outside, I went to get myself a cup of water. While pouring the water, I noticed an edge was visible under her pillow. Curious, I decided to go check it out. And to my surprised, it was an envelope for me. I opened the envelope to read the letter inside. A sense of strange feeling surged through me, and it wasnt good. The letter said: Dear Brother, Im really happy that you are reading my letter. You know, its quite troublesome to write with my current condition. So, Im only able to stretch out as far as I can in writing this letter. Anyway;ay, back to the point. I have a confession to make. To tell the truth, I already got an idea of my condition. Im not getting better, am l? I stopped reading. What? Huh? My mind is filled with confusion.I looked at her who was still glued to the window, and came back to the letter. Mom and dad was acting strange after talking to the doctor that day. You were acting strange, too. So I begged the nurse to tell me. She hesitated at first, and told me I wasnt doing good. Im not stupid, so I know my fate already. Also, I do not know what kind of madness compelled you to make such a promise to me. Idiot, why on earth did you make such a promise?! Please, dont make promises you cant keep, okay? I paused for a while as my eyes turned red. But Im happy.This way of doing things is really your style. So, Im not going to for me to continue living in this world of despair and hopelessness.. . In one of the rare moments when Im actually aware, you were crying while hugging me. I know why you were crying, so I kept silent, but it really hurts my heart. You must be sad because it wasnt possible, but dont be. If we couldnt make it to the waterfall, let our hearts be there instead. Hey! I dont like this kind of setting. The tears I tried so hard to hold back finally escaped. So please forgive yourself, because I never blamed you, not even once.Sigh, this is really a rare moment. Now that Im aware, I wont let this chance slip by to write you this letter. After all, I dont know when will I get a chance like this again. But by the time you read this, I may have already lose myself, or rather, not here anymore Anyway;ay, sorry for troubling you, and take care of mom and dad for me. Lots of love, Caroline. I finished the letter, speechless. I didnt bother to wipe my tears, so it dried up leave two trails of stain at my face. The side of the paper was already crumpled by my grip. I rubbed my eyes and got up.She was already sleeping at the side of the window. With a slight smile on my face, I patted her head gently, Thank you. Two weeks later, many of my family members and her friends attended her funeral. I was surprised she had many friends. There were small conversations and sobbing everywhere. As for me, all I felt was numbness. It probably happened that way because of the overwhelming emotion- pain. Perhaps my heart enclosed itself to prevent the pain from damaging its owner. Emotions such as despair didnt register into my brain. But I still wanted to question.Pain, where have mine gone to? Was it because I got used to it? Had I really gotten used to it? I questioned god of the way I felt, and numbness turned into guilt. And this wasnt what I want either. But still, the thought of my sister able to rest after a long battle, managed to comfort me a little. During the burial ceremony, numerous flower petals were scattered inside the coffin. Even in death, she was like a beautiful maiden in slumber. Her hands were folded neatly, and her beautiful black hair covered with flower petals. The pastor ended the ceremony with a prayer.The coffin is closed, but there were still people who drop flowers onto her coffin. Workers came and covered her grave. My mother was crying in my fathers arms. It was really a goodbye. Some were crying, some were silent, that was how the crowd showed their appreciation for her. A raindrop fell on my right shoulder. What came after that was nothing but the most appropriate weather for the event. People started to scatter because of the heavy downpour. L, however, was the only person who stood in front of her grave. Ignoring the rain with a bitter smile, I finally asked: Hey Do you like the waterfall?

Positive And Negative Effects Of Sarbanes Oxley Accounting Essay Example For Students

Positive And Negative Effects Of Sarbanes Oxley Accounting Essay This written assignment will show and discourse the positive and negative effects that Sarbanes Oxley has on publically traded corporations, the accounting professions, and fiscal statement users. I will utilize different resources in order to discourse these two sides and concentrate more in the existent Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Sarbanes-Oxley was created to better quality and transparence in fiscal coverage, independent audits, and accounting services for public companies. SOX was besides established to make a Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, to heighten the standard scene procedure for accounting patterns, to beef up the independency of houses that audit public companies, to increase corporate duty and the utility of corporate fiscal revelation, to protect the objectiveness and independency of securities analysts, to better Securities and Exchange Commission resources and inadvertence, and for other intents. ( SOX 2002 ) First, I am traveling to get down discoursing the positive and negative effects of publically traded corporations. Based on Sarbanes-Oxley, I found information about publically traded corporation in Title III, subdivision 302. The ordinances provinces that every committee must describe sporadically under subdivision 13 ( a ) or 15 ( vitamin D ) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The chief executive officer and the chief fiscal officer executing similar maps must attest in each one-year or quarterly study filed or submitted that: 1. It was revised by the one sign language it. 2. To do certain that the studies do non incorporate any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to province a stuff fact necessary in order to do the statements. Making certain that those statements were non false. 3. Based on the officer s cognition, the fiscal statements, and other fiscal information included in the study, moderately present in all stuff respects the fiscal status and consequences of operations of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in the study. 4. Whoever is subscribing ( officer ) is responsible for set uping and keeping internal controls, have designed such internal controls to guarantee that material information associating to the issuer and its amalgamate subordinates is made known by others entities, peculiarly during the period in which the periodic studies are being prepared. They have evaluated the effectivity of the issuer s internal controls as of a day of the month within 90 yearss prior to the study, and have presented in the study their decisions about the effectivity of their internal controls based on their rating as of that day of the month. 5. The sign language officers have disclosed to the issuer s hearers and the audit commission all important lacks in the design or operation of internal controls, procedure, sum up, and report fiscal informations and have identified for the issuer s hearers any material failings in internal controls, and any fraud that involves direction or other employees who have a important function in the issuer s internal controls. 6. The sign language officers have indicated in the study whether or non there were important alterations in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly impact internal controls subsequent to the day of the month of their rating, including any disciplinary actions with respect to important lacks and material failings. ( SOX 2002 ) Based on this information, I found that SOX in a positive manner, it is seeking to be more accurate in respects that every director or officer is cognizant of what they are making. However, we understand that because of SOX cost many corporation have to travel trough direct ( quantifiable ) and indirect ( non-quantifiable ) costs. ( Lowengrub, 2005. ) These costs consist in additions in personal liability duties, associations with internal control betterments, and US fiscal markets. These will be sing the negative affects. Alnwick Castle Essaylucidity. SOX is seeking to supply better consequences giving these regulations, so companies can be more accurate in their fiscal information. In Conclusion, SOX might hold positive and negative effects. However, the different and large jobs of past old ages do non show satisfactory grounds to worsen or take SOX demands or to follow important freedoms based on company size. Furthermore, SOX conformity is compulsory for public corporations and therefore resources must be allocated to its execution. Work CITED AICPA. 2002. Summary of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. aicpa.org. Retrieved July 1, 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aicpa.org/info/sabarnes_oxley_summary.htm Franklin Strier. 2006. Proposal to Improve theimage for the Public Accounting Profession. The CPA Journal. Retreved July 9, 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nysscpa.org/printversions/cpaj/2006/306/p67.htm Paul Lowengrub. 2005. The Impact of Sarbanes Oxley on Companies, Investors, A ; Financial Markets. Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Journal. Retrieved July 1, 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.s-ox.com/Feature/detail.cfm? ArticleID=1385 Oxley. 2002. Conference Report. 107th Congress Report 2d Session HOUSE REPRESENTATIVES! 107-610 SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002. Retrieved from Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Bob Shelper. 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. fei.org. Retrieved February 8, 2006 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fei.org/download/shepleranalze.pdf

Matrix free essay sample

In linear algebra, an n-by-n (square) matrix A is called invertible or nonsingular or nondegenerate if there exists an n-by-n matrix B such that where In denotes the n-by-n identity matrix and the multiplication used is ordinary matrix multiplication. If this is the case, then the matrix B is uniquely determined by A and is called the inverse of A, denoted by A-I . It follows from the theory of matrices that if for square matrices A and B, then also Non-square matrices (m-by-n matrices for which m * n) do not have an inverse. However, in some cases such a matrix may have a left inverse or right inverse. If A is m-by-n and the rank of A is equal to n, then A has a left inverse: an n-by-m matrix B such that BA = l. If A has rank m, then it has a right inverse: an n-by-m matrix B such that AB = l. We will write a custom essay sample on Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While the most common case is that of matrices over the real or complex numbers, all these definitions can be given for matrices over any commutative ring. A square matrix that is not invertible is called singular or degenerate. A square matrix is singular if and only if its determinant is O. Singular matrices are rare in the sense hat if you pick a random square matrix, it will almost surely not be singular. Matrix inversion is the process of finding the matrix B that satisfies the prior equation for a given invertible matrix A. Properties of invertible matrices Let A be a square n by n matrix over a field K (for example the field R of real numbers). Then the following statements are equivalent: A is invertible. A is row-equivalent to the n-by-n identity matrix In. A is column-equivalent to the n-by-n identity matrix In. A has n pivot positions. detA rank A = n. The equation Ax = O has only the trivial solution x = O (i. e. Null A = {O}) The equation Ax = b has exactly one solution for each b in Kn. The columns of A are linearly independent. The columns of A span Kn (i. e. Col A = Kn). The columns of A form a basis of Kn. The linear transformation mapping x to Ax is a bijection from Kn to Kn. There is an n by n matrix B such that AB = In. The transpose AT is an invertible matrix. The number O is not an eigenvalue of A. The matrix A can expressed as a finite product of elementary matrices. In general, a unit in that ring. A matrix that is its own inverse, i. e. and , is called an involution. Proof for matrix product rule If A1, A2, , An are nonsingular square matrices over a field, then It becomes evident why this is the case if one attempts to find an inverse for the product of the Ais from first principles, that is, that we wish to determine B such that where B is the inverse matrix of the product. To remove A1 from the product, we can then write which would reduce the equation to Likewise, then, from which simplifies to If one repeats the process up to An, the equation becomes but B is the inverse matrix, i. . so the property is established Methods of matrix inversion Gaussian elimination Gauss-Jordan elimination is an algorithm that can be used to determine whether a given matrix is invertible and to find the inverse. An alternative is the LIJ decomposition which generates an upper and a lower triangular matrices which are easier to invert. For special purposes, it may be convenient to invert mat rices by treating mn-by-mn matrices as m-by-m matrices of n-by-n matrices, and applying one or another formula recursively (other sized matrices can be padded out with dummy rows and columns). For other purposes, a variant of Newtons method may be convenient (particularly when dealing with families of related matrices, so inverses of arlier matrices can be used to seed generating inverses of later matrices). Analytic solution Writing the transpose of the matrix of cofactors, known as an adJugate matrix, can also be an efficient way to calculate the inverse of small matrices, but this recursive method is inefficient for large matrices. To determine the inverse, we calculate a matrix of cofactors: where IAI is the determinant of A, CiJ is the matrix of cofactors, and AT represents matrix to solve a system of linear equations; however, for a unique solution, it is necessary that the matrix involved be invertible. Decomposition techniques like LIJ decomposition are much faster than inversion, and various fast algorithms for special classes of linear systems have also been developed. Inversion of 22 matrices The cofactor equation listed above yields the following result for 22 matrices. Inversion of these matrices can be done easily as follows: [2] This is possible because l/(ad-bc) is the reciprocal of the determinant of the matrix in question, and the same strategy could be used for other matrix sizes. Blockwise inversion Matrices can also be inverted blockwise by using the following analytic inversion ormula: where A, B, C and D are matrix sub-blocks of arbitrary size. (A and D must, of course, be square, so that they can be inverted. Furthermore, this is true if and only if A and D-CA-I B are nonsingular [3] ).